
Genesis 1:1-2 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
I am no Hebraist, but I have learned a little about the Hebrew in these first two verses. The word for “God” throughout Genesis 1 is “Elohim,” a plural noun more accurately rendered as “Gods.” The Hebrew word rendered as “Spirit” means, at one and the same time, spirit, wind, and breath. More mysterious is the word rendered as “moved” in the KJV. (“The Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.”
That word is “Merakhefet” – the root verb “RHF” is a feminine, present tense participle. In English, our verbs don’t have gender, but a present tense participle is a verb that ends with “ing.” Scholars have only a vague idea of what “merakhefet” means. It appears only two other times in any ancient Hebrew writing, both in the Old Testament. One has to do with the trembling or shaking of Jeremiah’s bones in response to the Word of Jehovah.
More helpful for understanding Genesis 1:2 is the only other passage of ancient Hebrew to use the verb, in Deuteronomy 32:10-11.
He found [Israel] in a desert land,
in an empty, howling wasteland.
He surrounded them and watched over them;
guarded them as the apple of his eye.
As an eagle stirs up its nest,
hovering over its young . . . .
So the imagery here is of a mother eagle. As she is to her nest and her eaglets, so is God to Israel. The word rendered as “hovering” is merakhefet.
So turning back to Genesis 1:2, an alternate translation would be that the Gods’ breath-spirit was hovering, nesting, brooding, or fluttering over the deep. Continue reading




